电磁波在大面积等离子体片中传播特性的分析

脉冲磁约束线形空心阴极放电形成的大面积等离子体片可应用于等离子体天线、隐身及模拟超音速飞行器表面的等离子体鞘套. 本文首次利用实测等离子体片电子密度时空分布和横向场传播矩阵法, 研究了电磁波在等离子体片中反射率、透射率、吸收率随频率及脉冲放电时间的变化特征. 结果表明: 极化方向平行磁场的电磁波, 在小于截止频率的低频带内具有较高的反射率和吸收率, 增大电流, 反射率增加, 吸收率下降, 在大于截止频率的高频带内反射率和吸收率较低, 增大电流, 透射率下降, 吸收率升高; 极化方向垂直磁场的电磁波在高混杂谐振频率附近存在吸收率明显增强的吸收带, 谐振吸收峰值与放电电流无关; 脉冲放电期间, 电磁波的反射率、透射率与吸收率由不稳定过渡到稳定的时间约为100 μs, 过渡时间随着放电电流的增加而增大, 极化方向垂直磁场、小于截止频率的电磁波在稳定放电阶段谐振吸收较强. 本文的研究成果对利用等离子体片实现对电磁波的稳定高反射作用具有重要意义.     

Characterization of Cr‐doped Sb2Te3 films and their application to phase‐change memory

Phase‐change memory (PCM) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next‐generation nonvolatile memory. Its storage medium, phase‐change material, has attracted continuous exploration. Along the traditional GeTe–Sb₂Te₃ tie line, the binary compound Sb₂Te₃ is a high‐speed phase‐change material matrix. However, the low crystallization temperature prevents its practical application in PCM. Here, Cr is doped into Sb₂Te₃, called Cr–Sb₂Te₃ (CST), to improve the thermal stability. We find that, with increase of the Cr concentration, grains are obviously refined. However, all the CST films exhibit a single hexagonal phase as Sb₂Te₃ without phase separation. Also, the Cr helps to inhibit oxidation of Sb atoms. For the selected film CST_10.5, the resistance ratio between amorphous and crystalline states is more than two orders of magnitude; the temperature for 10‐year data retention is 120.8 °C, which indicates better thermal stability than GST and pure Sb₂Te₃. PCM cells based on CST_10.5 present small threshold current/voltage (4 μA/0.67 V). In addition, the cell can be operated by a low SET/RESET voltage pulse (1.1 V/2.4 V) with 50 ns width. Thus, Cr–Sb₂Te₃ with suitable composition is a promising novel phase‐change material used for PCM with high speed and good thermal stability performances. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

参数激励与强迫激励联合作用下非线性振动系统的余维2退化分叉

在本文里我们首先研究了具有Z_2-对称性的范式理论和退化向量场的普适开折理论。然后利用上述理论研究了参数激励与强迫激励联合作用下非线性振动系统的余维2退化分叉,从而解决了当解具有两个零特征值时解的稳定性问题。最后利用Melnikov方法求出了参数平面上的同宿分叉曲线,讨论了全局分叉的存在性。     

1／2亚谐共振──主参数共振情况下非线性振动系统的余维2退化分叉

本文应用Normal Form理论和退化向量场的普适开折理论研究了参数激励与强迫激励联合作用下非线性振动系统的余维2退化分叉,用Melnikov方法讨论了全局分叉的存在性.     

给定寿命下的焊趾疲劳裂纹深度尺寸分析

本文提供并用统计方法研究了焊趾疲劳裂纹扩展的Ｎ～α曲线族，给出了联系给定裂纹尺寸下的疲劳分布，给定疲劳寿命下的裂纹尺寸分布以及随机初始条件的概率相容条件。研究表明，给定寿命下的焊趾疲劳裂纹深度尺寸α服从分布Ф［（μ（ａ）－ｌｏｇＮ）／σ（ａ）］。     

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of pseudoelasticity

Solid-solid phase transitions often exhibit hystereses, and a hysteresis indicates energy dissipation. Pseudoelasticity refers to a hysteretic loadingunloading characteristic observed in the stress-induced martensitic transformation of shape memory alloys.This paper describes the thermodynamic model ofideal pseudoelasticity, a largely schematized adaptation of the experimental observations, and it reviews the works of other authors on thermodynamics of pseudoelasticity. Different approaches vary widely and we have chosen to put them into perspective by contrasting their assumptions and predictions against those of ideal pseudoelasticity.Ideal pseudoelasticity receives support from the experimental results of Fu [1] and its thermodynamic properties have been exploited by Huo [2]. The model makes use of an analytical ansatz proposed by Müller [3] in which the hysteresis is assumed to be due to the presence of a coherency energy in solid phase mixtures. This model permits the study of stability of the equilibrium states and the calculation of the energy dissipation or entropy production during the phase transition: The equilibrium states of a phase mixture are found to be unstable in load-controlled processes and the dissipated energy is related to the coherency coefficient.We also discuss some open problems concerning the states inside the hysteresis loop and the formation of interfaces.     

求解完全强非线性自治系统周期解及其稳定性的三变量迭代法

本文提出用广义位移x,基波幅值变化率da/dt=A(a)和系统频率ω(a)进行迭代的一种解析方法——三变量迭代法,求解一般的二阶完全强非线性自治系统的周期解及其稳定性。通过若干实例计算,表明了该方法行之有效。     

Multiple bifurcations and local energy minimizers in thermoelastic martensitic transformations

Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys can be modeled on the basis of nonlinear elastic theory.Microstructures of fine phase mixtures are local energy minimizers of the total energy.Using a one-dimensional effective model,we have shown that such microstructures are inhomogeneous solutions of the nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equation and can appear upon loading or unloading to certain critical conditions,the bifurcation conditions.A hybrid numerical method is utilized to calculate the inhomogeneous solutions with a large number of interfaces.The characteristics of the solutions are clarified by three parameters:the number of interfaces,the interface thickness,and the oscillating amplitude.Approximated analytical expressions are obtained for the interface and inhomogeneity energies through the numerical solutions.     

Octahedral Chiral‐at‐Metal Iridium Catalysts: Versatile Chiral Lewis Acids for Asymmetric Conjugate Additions

Octahedral iridium(III) complexes containing two bidentate cyclometalating 5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenylbenzoxazole ( IrO ) or 5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenylbenzothiazole ( IrS ) ligands in addition to two labile acetonitrile ligands are demonstrated to constitute a highly versatile class of asymmetric Lewis acid catalysts. These complexes feature the metal center as the exclusive source of chirality and serve as effective asymmetric catalysts (0.5–5.0 mol % catalyst loading) for a variety of reactions with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, namely Friedel–Crafts alkylations (94–99 % ee), Michael additions with CH‐acidic compounds (81–97 % ee), and a variety of cycloadditions (92–99 % ee with high d.r.). Mechanistic investigations and crystal structures of an iridium‐coordinated substrates and iridium‐coordinated products are consistent with a mechanistic picture in which the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds are activated by two‐point binding (bidentate coordination) to the chiral Lewis acid.     

Triphenylphosphine-m-sulfonate/carbon tetrabromide as an easily recoverable catalyst system for the efficient synthesis of xanthene and xanthenone derivatives under solvent-free conditions

A solid complex,readily prepared from commercially available sodium triphenylphosphine-m-sulfonate（TPPMS） and carbon tetrabromide,can be used as an easily recoverable and reusable catalyst system for one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol with aldehydes to construct 14-aryl（alkyl）-14H-dibenzo[a j]-xanthene derivatives and one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol with aldehydes and cyclic 1 3-dicarbonyl compounds to construct 12-aryl（alkyl）-8 9 10 12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one derivatives.